Beschneidung und HIV

Mal so ganz grundsätzlich dazu, wie die Krankheit AIDS ausgelöst wird möchte ich anmerken, dass bis heute von keinem AIDS-Kranken oder Verstorbenen ein HIVirus isoliert werden konnte. Es handelt sich um einen "wissenschaftlichen Konsens", dass AIDS durch ein Virus verursacht wird, einen harten Beweis dafür gibt es nicht. AIDS ist demzufolge aufgrund eines "wissenschaftlichen Konsens" AIDS ein übertragbare Krankheit. Allerdings gibt es auf Wissenschaftsseite auch Kritiker, die AIDS für keine übertragbare Krankheit halten und das HIV als hypothetische Krankheitsursache, also den Konsensbeschluss, in Frage stellen.

Der AIDS-Test (in Europa und Nordamerika, nicht in Afrika, dort wird die Diagnose symptomatisch gestellt, wobei man hinzufügen muss, dass die Diagnose AIDS für den Arzt meist lukrativer ist, als z.B. Hepatitis) ist ein PCR-Test (Polymerase Chain Reaction) und wurde von Karry Mullis erfunden. Er bekam dafür 1993 den Nobelpreis für Chemie und nach Veröffentlichung seiner kritischen Sichtweise zum HIVirus als AIDS-Ursache auch eine Menge Anfeindungen. Er hat für einen weiteren Kritiker des "wissenschaftlichen Konsens" Peter H. Duesberg ein Vorwort in dessen Buch "Inventing the AIDS-Virus" geschrieben. Man kann es hier lesen (in Englisch): Link

Ich selber habe dieses Jahr eine Frau kennegelernt, die während ihrer Schwangerschaft HIV-positiv getestet wurde, zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft war der Test dann, wie auch nach der Schwangerschaft dann HIV-negativ. Was da wohl getest wird? Es gibt einen Film von 1996, der auf ARTE ausgestrahlt wurde und sich mit dem Thema befasst, den ich ganz sehenswert finde: AIDS - die großen Zweifel

Ein aktueller Film von Anne Sono geht noch weiter und hält die AIDS-Medikamente für die Ursache der Krankheitssymptome. Von wissenschaftlicher Seite entspricht dies unter anderem der Auffassung von Dr. med. Heinrich Kremer in seinem Buch "Die stille Revolution der Krebs- und AIDS-Medizin". Ihr Film heisst "I won't go quietly" und zeigt eindrucksvoll, was mit Schwangeren passieren kann, wenn sie HIV-positiv getestet werden. Ein Interview mit Anne Sono kann man hier ansehen: Link

Das nur so als Anmerkung zur Diskussion, ob eine Beschneidung vor AIDS schützt oder nicht. Für mich persönlich ist noch nicht einmal zweifelsfrei sicher, dass AIDS durch ein Virus verursacht wird und das bedeutet natürlich auch, dass es für mich nicht zweifelsfrei sicher ist, dass es eine übertragbare Krankheit ist. Insgesamt ist das Thema so komplex, dass man darüber schwer in einem Thread wie diesem zu einem Ergebnis kommen kann, wie es wirklich ist. Aber vielleicht interessieren den einen oder anderen die obigen Infos. Zum Reflektieren und bei der Bildung einer eigenen Meinung. So als Anregung.

Ein Bekannter von mir stellte einmal die These auf, dass es bei den Beschneidungsaktionen in Afrika nur vordergründig um die Verhinderung von Ansteckung geht, sondern in Wahrheit um die Senkung der Häufigkeit des Geschlechtsverkehrs durch verminderte Sensibilität, wodurch dann quasi indirekt wiederum die Ansteckungsrate gesenkt wird.
Ich halte diese These allerdings für etwas gewagt.

MGM - FGM - wie sich die Nachrichten doch gleichen:

The Standard (Kenya)
April 24, 2012
Panic as gang circumcises married women

By Patrick Muthuri

Anxiety has gripped Athanja Sub-Location in Tigania East District after a group of women allegedly kidnapped and forcefully circumcised married women who are opposed to female circumcision.

One woman was rescued from a group of circumcisers while another is still missing after she was reportedly hidden after the alleged mutilation in Kaithe village.

Following the incident, seven suspects alleged to be members of a group that has been abducting woman and forcefully circumcising them were arrested.

"The victim who escaped was lured into a house in the name of a meeting by the women. When she entered the house, she was ordered to undress but she screamed and neighbours came to her rescue.

The gang has already abducted and circumcised one woman who is still missing," said Ms Evangeline Kangai, a women’s rights activist.

Area OCPD Charles Koskei said the suspects will be arraigned in court for propagating harmful cultural practices and urged the community to intensify campaigns against the vice.

"The Constitution protects women against harmful cultural practices. We will not allow anyone to violate the basic rights of women," the OCPD said. Kangai said the group made up of young and old women has been targeting married women.

She said the group threatens uncircumcised women with isolation if they do not undergo the cut. "The group seems to have turned to married women because we have sensitised school girls against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)."

Assaulted four women

"We urge the Government to take stern action against the perpetrators since they are trying to revive the vice," she said. She added the group has been training young women how to carry out FGM. "Among those arrested was a 23-year-old woman, the circumciser and a trainer. I urge all stakeholders to come in and ensure this is brought to an end," said Kangai. Susan Munya said the group has assaulted about four women and called for crackdown on other suspects.

Ann Kaburo, a health worker said the gang’s activities have broken up some families since they have been mutilating women without the knowledge of their husbands, who kick them out when they discover.

Muthara Chief Nkunya Etirikia said the practice had dropped significantly and said he would fight those who attempt to revive it.

Dawn.com
April 23, 2012
Female circumcision anger aired in India

NEW DELHI: Eleven years ago, Farida Bano was circumcised by an aunt on a bunk bed in her family home at the end of her 10th birthday party.

The mutilation occurred not in Africa, where the practice is most prevalent, but in India where a small Muslim sub-sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra continues to believe that the removal of the clitoris is the will of God.

“We claim to be modern and different from other Muslim sects. We are different but not modern,” Bano, a 21-year-old law graduate who is angry about what was done to her, told AFP in New Delhi.

She vividly remembers the moment in the party when the aunt pounced with a razor blade and a pack of cotton wool.

While the sect bars other Muslims from its mosques, it sees itself as more liberal, treating men and women equally in matters of education and marriage.

The community’s insistence on “Khatna” (the excision of the clitoris) also sets it apart from others on the subcontinent.

“If other Muslims are not doing it then why are we following it?” Bano says.

For generations, few women in the tightly-knit community have spoken out in opposition, fearing that to air their grievances would be seen as an act of revolt frowned upon by their elders.

But an online campaign is now encouraging them to join hands to bury the custom.

The anti-Khatna movement gained momentum after Tasneem, a Bohra woman who goes by one name, posted an online petition at the social action platform Change.org in November last year.

She requested their religious leader, the 101-year-old Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, ban female genital mutilation, the consequences of which afflict 140 million women worldwide according to the World Health Organisation.

Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin is the 52nd Dai-al Mutalaq (absolute missionary) of the community and has sole authority to decide on all spiritual and temporal matters.

Every member of the sect takes an oath of allegiance to the leader, who lives in western city of Mumbai.

When contacted by AFP, Burhanuddin’s spokesman, Qureshi Raghib, ruled out any change and said he had no interest in talking about the issue.

“I have heard about the online campaign but Bohra women should understand that our religion advocates the procedure and they should follow it without any argument,” he said.

A gathering protest

But over 1,600 Bohra Muslim women have since signed the online petition.

Many describe the pain they experienced after the procedure and urge their leader to impose a ban.

“The main motive behind Khatna is that women should never enjoy sexual intercourse. We are supposed to be like dolls for men,” 34-year-old Tabassum Murtaza, who lives in the western city of Surat, told AFP by telephone.

The World Health Organisation has campaigned against the practice, saying it exposes millions of girls to dangers ranging from infections, hemorrhaging, complicated child-birth, or hepatitis from unsterilised tools.

In the Middle East, it is still practised in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan and Syria.

“It is an atrocity committed under the cloak of religion,” says Murtaza, who along with her husband was asked to leave their family home when they refused to get their daughter circumcised.

“My mother-in-law said there was no room for religious disobedience and we should move out if we cannot respect the custom,” she explained. “It is better to live on the street than humiliate your daughter’s body.”

Speaking out

Asghar Ali Engineer, a Bohra Muslim and expert on Islamic jurisprudence, has known the dangers of fighting for reform.

He has authored over 40 books proposing changes, particularly around the status of women, and has been attacked by hardliners inside a mosque in Egypt and had his house trashed by opponents.

While both France and the United States have laws enabling the prosecution of immigrants who perform female circumcisions, the practice remains legal in India and Engineer expects this to remain the case.

“Female circumcision is clearly a violation of human rights, the Indian government refuses to recognise it as a crime because the practice has full-fledged religious backing,” he said.

“No government has the courage to touch a religious issue in India even if the practice is a crime against humanity.”

He says many fathers are simply unaware of the damage they are doing by following the custom.

“I prevented my wife from getting our daughters circumcised but in many cases even fathers are not aware of the pain their daughters experience,” he says.

Sky News
April 22, 2012
Medics Offered Genital Mutilation, Report Says

By Ian Woods

As many as 100,000 women in Britain may have been mutilated in the name of culture and religion, a report claims.

[There seems no basis for the "100,000" figure - but any FGC is too much.]

...

The Sunday Times has uncovered what it claims is evidence of three medical practitioners offering advice on how it could be done, or in one case charging £750 to carry out the procedure.

...

Omar Sheikh Mohamed Addow is a dentist in Birmingham, but was filmed describing how the clitoris could be pierced with a needle and then clamped.

"Once they won't feel anything, then you cut with scissors. It will bleed. Then you take the stitches. You close."

When contacted by Sky News he denied he said ever been involved in the act.

"I have not referred anyone for this treatment. I am a dentist. I am aware of female genital mutilation and have campaigned against it."

Yet he was he recorded by the Sunday Times apparently agreeing to mutilate two young girls, aged 10 and 13, in secret:
Omar Sheikh Mohamed Addow: I will do it for you.
Sunday Times reporter: Thank you.
Addow: Nobody should know. Between you me and Allah only.

The Sunday Times say they were put in touch with the Birmingham dentist by Dr Ali Mao Aweys, who has practices in Birmingham and London and was recorded suggesting it was safer to have the surgery outside the UK.

"Yes it must have (sic) confidential. But I think it's better if you go to Africa, and then do, and then stay for 14 days, and then I give you some medication you can take and then give them."

When Sky News visited his practice in north London his receptionist told us he was not prepared to comment and asked us to leave.

... the [General Medical C]ouncil’s chief executive, Niall Dixon, said he was concerned and has begun an investigation.

Mohammad Sahib describes himself as an alternative medicine practitioner and the newspaper said he wanted £750 to perform surgery on the genitalia.

The newspaper secretly recorded this exchange:
Sunday Times (ST): You'll cut the clitoris?
Mohammad Sahib (MS): Yeah
ST: You'll cut with blade?
MB: Yeah
ST: You'll do it here?
MB: Yeah.
ST: What about stitching? Sew it?
MB: Yes I can do both.

...

Equality Now campaigner Efua Dorkenoo told Sky News: "Members of the community,family members know about it... there's a lot of pressure.

"And if you expose it you could be ostracised and you could be persecuted in the community.

"So people are frightened of coming forward."

...

Ynet

Ärzte in Zimbabwe sind sauer, dass die Beschneidungsaktion an ihnen vorbeiläuft.

"The problem is that male circumcision came as a programme where a few selected people were trained and put in charge. And yet this is a simple procedure which any medical doctor can perform," said the acting PMD for Matabeleland North, Dr Nyasha Masuka.

Und so läuft die Aktion dort ab:

"Teams are coming from Harare or Bulawayo into our provinces, pitch their tents under a tree, circumcise a few men, and get paid hefty allowances and then leave."

"If an old man from the village can perform this procedure, then any doctor should be able to do that," he said. Dr Robert Mudyirandima, PMD for Masvingo, said the programme should be available all the times just like any other health service within an institution."

allAfrica.com: Zimbabwe: Circumcision - Doctors Up in Arms

Ekelhaft. Ekelhaft und grausam...