"Whereas premodern Jews and Muslims articulated their identities in varying ways through circumcision, modern Jews and Muslims are being disciplined through secular limitations on circumcision. Modern secular law delineates the boundaries of Muslim circumcision by comparing it to Jewish circumcision. In a predominantly Christian society, Jewish circumcision becomes the standard to which Muslims must adapt."
academic.oup.com/ojls/advance-…28/6032794?searchresult=1
academic.oup.com/ojls/advance-…28/6032794?searchresult=1