Beiträge von Pensador

  • HIV in Zambia: Märchenstunde bei Storella

    Zitat von Götz

    Mir ist nicht klar, wer oder was dahintersteckt.

    Das ist Teil einer von langer Hand geplanten Initiative der globalen Genitalverstümmelungsmafia um Brian Morris, Robert Bailey, Bertran Auvert, Thomas Wiswell, Edgar Schoen (der auch für Europa die Routinebeschneidung von Neugeborenen gefordert hat) und anderen mehr (vgl. Main Page - CircLeaks).

    Zu den Motiven der Täter: Es gibt die Zirkumfetischisten und Pädozirkumfetischisten, die von einer krankhaften sexuellen Neigung getrieben sind. Nachgewiesene Beispiele dafür sind der verurteilte Straftäter Vernon Quaintance (Vernon G. Quaintance - CircLeaks) und die mit ihm verbundene Gilgal Society (Gilgal Society - CircLeaks) . Dieser pathologische Zustand kann durch die eigene Beschneidung der Täter ausgelöst worden sein. Ebenfalls in einen solchen Täter-Opfer-Kreislauf führt der Neid vieler Beschnittener auf die Vorhäute der anderen.

    Weiterhin sind Pfadabhängigkeiten zu beachten: wer einmal Beschneidungen durchgeführt oder öffentlich befürwortet hat, ist geneigt, diese zu verharmlosen oder gar zu fordern und Aufklärung zu bekämpfen, um den eigenen Ruf zu schützen. Diese Motivationslage ist auch für Mitglieder von Gruppen plausibel, in denen bisher Genitalverstümmelungen durchgeführt worden sind, seien dies nun Religionsgemeinschaften, Ärzteverbände oder ganze Nationen. Eine starke Identifikation mit der betreffenden Gruppe führt zum Wunsch, deren Selbst- und Fremdbild sauber zu halten und in der Folge zur Rechtfertigung der Taten.

    Nicht zuletzt stehen erhebliche wirtschaftliche Interessen hinter der Bestrebung, möglichst viele Menschen zu beschneiden. Es hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine komplette Beschneidungsindustrie entwickelt, von den Instrumentenherstellern über mehr oder weniger spezialisierte Kliniken und die Täter selbst bis hin zu den Verwertern der Vorhäute. Hier werden hohe Profite erzielt.

    Selbstverständlich können bei jedem Einzelnen die genannten Motive auch in Kombination auftreten. Das dürfte sogar sehr häufig der Fall sein, über die quantitative Verteilung der Motive lässt sich jedoch nur spekulieren.

  • Beschneidung - Ignoranz und Sexismus

    In dem Artikel ist fast alles richtig. Kritisch zu sehen ist lediglich die Behauptung, frühere Beschneidungsgegner seien meist Antisemiten gewesen. Wenn man einen solchen Zusammenhang herstellen will, dann mit umgekehrter Kausalität: Das Entsetzen über das Verbrechen der Genitalverstümmelung - für sich alleine ein hinreichender Grund, diese vehement abzulehnen - dürfte in der Geschichte dazu beigetragen haben, dass immer wieder ein - seinerseits vehement abzulehnender - Antisemitismus entstehen konnte oder von der Mehrheitsgesellschaft nicht entschieden genug zurückgewiesen wurde.

  • Global Survey of Circumcision Harm

    Explorative Studien sind niemals mit dem Anspruch der Repräsentativität verbunden. Für eine repräsentative Studie muss zunächst die relevante Grundgesamtheit abgegrenzt und anschließend zufällig eine ausreichend große Zahl an Informanten ausgewählt werden. Wie du richtig schreibst, sind derartige Erhebungen im Bereich der Sexualität häufig mit dem Problem sozial erwünschten Antwortverhaltens behaftet. Derartige Probleme mit der Validität hat die von dir zunächst genannte Studie nicht - hier ist aufgrund der Selbstselektion der Informanten von authentischem, d. h. gerade nicht erwartungsgesteuertem Antwortverhalten auszugehen.

    Man kann nun fragen, in wie weit die gegebenen Antworten für die Empfindungen beschnittener Männer typisch sind. Wie gesehen haben wir aufgrund der Art der Erhebung hierfür kein empirisches Kriterium - die (niemals aufgestellte) Behauptung, dass die Antworten für alle gelten wäre, allein aus der Studie heraus, ebenso unzulässig wie die Behauptung, dass sie nicht für alle gelte. Man kann nun allerdings einige Plausibilitätsüberlegungen anstellen. Diese sagen uns, dass hier wohl Männer geantwortet haben, die sich erstens mit ihrer Behinderung auseinandergesetzt haben und zweitens die Kraft gefunden haben, dazu einen Online-Fragebogen auszufüllen, der ihnen drittens irgendwie begegnet sein muss. Das legt die Vermutung nahe, dass wir es bei den 1008 Informanten mit der Spitze eines Eisbergs zu tun haben.

  • Global Survey of Circumcision Harm

    Das ist eine wichtige und ernstzunehmende explorative Studie, deren Autor mir persönlich bekannt und der über methodische Zweifel erhaben ist. Die Antworten sind von Betroffenen, die auf die Studie aufmerksam wurden, im Internet ohne jede Beeinflussung gegeben worden. Ich kann daher mit voller Überzeugung sagen, dass Vorsicht hier nicht angebracht ist. Vielmehr sollte man die Ergebnisse zur Kenntnis nehmen und kommunizieren.

  • Beschneidung und HIV

    MGM - FGM - wie sich die Nachrichten doch gleichen:

    The Standard (Kenya)
    April 24, 2012
    Panic as gang circumcises married women

    By Patrick Muthuri

    Anxiety has gripped Athanja Sub-Location in Tigania East District after a group of women allegedly kidnapped and forcefully circumcised married women who are opposed to female circumcision.

    One woman was rescued from a group of circumcisers while another is still missing after she was reportedly hidden after the alleged mutilation in Kaithe village.

    Following the incident, seven suspects alleged to be members of a group that has been abducting woman and forcefully circumcising them were arrested.

    "The victim who escaped was lured into a house in the name of a meeting by the women. When she entered the house, she was ordered to undress but she screamed and neighbours came to her rescue.

    The gang has already abducted and circumcised one woman who is still missing," said Ms Evangeline Kangai, a women’s rights activist.

    Area OCPD Charles Koskei said the suspects will be arraigned in court for propagating harmful cultural practices and urged the community to intensify campaigns against the vice.

    "The Constitution protects women against harmful cultural practices. We will not allow anyone to violate the basic rights of women," the OCPD said. Kangai said the group made up of young and old women has been targeting married women.

    She said the group threatens uncircumcised women with isolation if they do not undergo the cut. "The group seems to have turned to married women because we have sensitised school girls against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)."

    Assaulted four women

    "We urge the Government to take stern action against the perpetrators since they are trying to revive the vice," she said. She added the group has been training young women how to carry out FGM. "Among those arrested was a 23-year-old woman, the circumciser and a trainer. I urge all stakeholders to come in and ensure this is brought to an end," said Kangai. Susan Munya said the group has assaulted about four women and called for crackdown on other suspects.

    Ann Kaburo, a health worker said the gang’s activities have broken up some families since they have been mutilating women without the knowledge of their husbands, who kick them out when they discover.

    Muthara Chief Nkunya Etirikia said the practice had dropped significantly and said he would fight those who attempt to revive it.


    Dawn.com
    April 23, 2012
    Female circumcision anger aired in India

    NEW DELHI: Eleven years ago, Farida Bano was circumcised by an aunt on a bunk bed in her family home at the end of her 10th birthday party.

    The mutilation occurred not in Africa, where the practice is most prevalent, but in India where a small Muslim sub-sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra continues to believe that the removal of the clitoris is the will of God.

    “We claim to be modern and different from other Muslim sects. We are different but not modern,” Bano, a 21-year-old law graduate who is angry about what was done to her, told AFP in New Delhi.

    She vividly remembers the moment in the party when the aunt pounced with a razor blade and a pack of cotton wool.

    While the sect bars other Muslims from its mosques, it sees itself as more liberal, treating men and women equally in matters of education and marriage.

    The community’s insistence on “Khatna” (the excision of the clitoris) also sets it apart from others on the subcontinent.

    “If other Muslims are not doing it then why are we following it?” Bano says.

    For generations, few women in the tightly-knit community have spoken out in opposition, fearing that to air their grievances would be seen as an act of revolt frowned upon by their elders.

    But an online campaign is now encouraging them to join hands to bury the custom.

    The anti-Khatna movement gained momentum after Tasneem, a Bohra woman who goes by one name, posted an online petition at the social action platform Change.org in November last year.

    She requested their religious leader, the 101-year-old Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, ban female genital mutilation, the consequences of which afflict 140 million women worldwide according to the World Health Organisation.

    Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin is the 52nd Dai-al Mutalaq (absolute missionary) of the community and has sole authority to decide on all spiritual and temporal matters.

    Every member of the sect takes an oath of allegiance to the leader, who lives in western city of Mumbai.

    When contacted by AFP, Burhanuddin’s spokesman, Qureshi Raghib, ruled out any change and said he had no interest in talking about the issue.

    “I have heard about the online campaign but Bohra women should understand that our religion advocates the procedure and they should follow it without any argument,” he said.

    A gathering protest

    But over 1,600 Bohra Muslim women have since signed the online petition.

    Many describe the pain they experienced after the procedure and urge their leader to impose a ban.

    “The main motive behind Khatna is that women should never enjoy sexual intercourse. We are supposed to be like dolls for men,” 34-year-old Tabassum Murtaza, who lives in the western city of Surat, told AFP by telephone.

    The World Health Organisation has campaigned against the practice, saying it exposes millions of girls to dangers ranging from infections, hemorrhaging, complicated child-birth, or hepatitis from unsterilised tools.

    In the Middle East, it is still practised in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan and Syria.

    “It is an atrocity committed under the cloak of religion,” says Murtaza, who along with her husband was asked to leave their family home when they refused to get their daughter circumcised.

    “My mother-in-law said there was no room for religious disobedience and we should move out if we cannot respect the custom,” she explained. “It is better to live on the street than humiliate your daughter’s body.”

    Speaking out

    Asghar Ali Engineer, a Bohra Muslim and expert on Islamic jurisprudence, has known the dangers of fighting for reform.

    He has authored over 40 books proposing changes, particularly around the status of women, and has been attacked by hardliners inside a mosque in Egypt and had his house trashed by opponents.

    While both France and the United States have laws enabling the prosecution of immigrants who perform female circumcisions, the practice remains legal in India and Engineer expects this to remain the case.

    “Female circumcision is clearly a violation of human rights, the Indian government refuses to recognise it as a crime because the practice has full-fledged religious backing,” he said.

    “No government has the courage to touch a religious issue in India even if the practice is a crime against humanity.”

    He says many fathers are simply unaware of the damage they are doing by following the custom.

    “I prevented my wife from getting our daughters circumcised but in many cases even fathers are not aware of the pain their daughters experience,” he says.


    Sky News
    April 22, 2012
    Medics Offered Genital Mutilation, Report Says

    By Ian Woods

    As many as 100,000 women in Britain may have been mutilated in the name of culture and religion, a report claims.

    [There seems no basis for the "100,000" figure - but any FGC is too much.]

    ...

    The Sunday Times has uncovered what it claims is evidence of three medical practitioners offering advice on how it could be done, or in one case charging £750 to carry out the procedure.

    ...

    Omar Sheikh Mohamed Addow is a dentist in Birmingham, but was filmed describing how the clitoris could be pierced with a needle and then clamped.

    "Once they won't feel anything, then you cut with scissors. It will bleed. Then you take the stitches. You close."

    When contacted by Sky News he denied he said ever been involved in the act.

    "I have not referred anyone for this treatment. I am a dentist. I am aware of female genital mutilation and have campaigned against it."

    Yet he was he recorded by the Sunday Times apparently agreeing to mutilate two young girls, aged 10 and 13, in secret:
    Omar Sheikh Mohamed Addow: I will do it for you.
    Sunday Times reporter: Thank you.
    Addow: Nobody should know. Between you me and Allah only.

    The Sunday Times say they were put in touch with the Birmingham dentist by Dr Ali Mao Aweys, who has practices in Birmingham and London and was recorded suggesting it was safer to have the surgery outside the UK.

    "Yes it must have (sic) confidential. But I think it's better if you go to Africa, and then do, and then stay for 14 days, and then I give you some medication you can take and then give them."

    When Sky News visited his practice in north London his receptionist told us he was not prepared to comment and asked us to leave.

    ... the [General Medical C]ouncil’s chief executive, Niall Dixon, said he was concerned and has begun an investigation.

    Mohammad Sahib describes himself as an alternative medicine practitioner and the newspaper said he wanted £750 to perform surgery on the genitalia.

    The newspaper secretly recorded this exchange:
    Sunday Times (ST): You'll cut the clitoris?
    Mohammad Sahib (MS): Yeah
    ST: You'll cut with blade?
    MB: Yeah
    ST: You'll do it here?
    MB: Yeah.
    ST: What about stitching? Sew it?
    MB: Yes I can do both.

    ...

    Equality Now campaigner Efua Dorkenoo told Sky News: "Members of the community,family members know about it... there's a lot of pressure.

    "And if you expose it you could be ostracised and you could be persecuted in the community.

    "So people are frightened of coming forward."

    ...


    Ynet

  • Prof. Herzberg zum Gesetzesentwurf

    Das ist einer der klügsten Beiträge, die ich seit langer Zeit gelesen habe. Wenn Holm Putzkes Doktorvater noch erkennt, dass es eine medizinische Notwendigkeit für Beschneidungen - die angesichts der zutreffend dargestellten Bedeutung der Vorhaut nur bei vitaler Indikation angenommen werden könnte - nicht gibt und er weiterhin aus seinen Ausführungen die Forderung nach einer tat- und schuldangemessenen Bestrafung ableitet, dann wird es genial.