Having discredited the theory that male circumcision (MC) is an effective tool in curbing female to male transmission of HIV, we now turn our attention to the effect of MC on efforts against the epidemic. It is without doubt that, outside abstaining from sex and sticking to one sexual partner, condom use is the most effective measure to combat the spread of HIV, regardless of whether a man is circumcised or not. However, MC tends to discourage condom usage.