"Together, these data contribute to mounting evidence that neonatal injury in the absence of analgesics has adverse effects that are both long-term and polysystemic."
karger.com/Article/FullText/351121
"Good evidence however shows that untreated pain and stress [in Neonates] have an adverse effect on neurodevelopment, and therefore, at this stage, providing effective analgesia, sedation, and anesthesia would seem to be more important than concern over neurotoxicity."
perinatology.theclinics.com/ar…-5108(13)00064-X/abstract
"Nonpharmacologic procedures are effective in relieving IMI pain in newborns. EMLA cream is far less effective."
adc.bmj.com/content/97/Suppl_2/A536.2.short
"We Think we Still Hurt our Newborns! - Methods Both in 2001 and 2009 nursing and medical staff rated the painfulness of 15 skin-breaking and 13 other procedures on a scale from 0 (not painful) to 10 (worst possible pain). The ratings of skin-breaking and other procedures served as outcome measures.
Response rates were 60% (N=58 ) and 72.4% (N=84) respectively in 2001 and 2009. The mean rating of the skin-breaking procedures decreased from 6.5 (SD 1.4) in 2001 to 6.1 (SD 1.5) in 2009 (p=0.18 ). The mean rating of other skin-breaking procedures decreased from 4.8 (SD 1.3) to 4.5 (SD 1.3) (p=0.25).
adc.bmj.com/content/97/Suppl_2/A18.3.short
"Man muss diese versteinerten Verhältnisse dadurch zum Tanzen zwingen, dass man ihnen ihre eigne Melodie vorsingt!" K.M.